Java Interview Questions
Object-relational mapping in Java — the JPA specification and its most common implementation, Hibernate.
Ans
JPA, Jakarta Persistence, is a Java specification for object-relational mapping and persistence. It defines APIs and annotations for mapping Java objects to relational database data.
It reduces repetitive JDBC mapping code for applications that fit an ORM approach.
Example
java@Entity class Student { @Id private Long id; private String name; }
Important Point
JPA is a specification; Hibernate is a popular implementation/provider.
Ans
Hibernate is an ORM framework and a common implementation of the Jakarta Persistence specification. It maps Java objects to relational database tables and manages persistence operations.
It can reduce manual SQL and result-set mapping for typical CRUD and relationship operations.
Example
java@Entity class Employee { @Id @GeneratedValue Long id; String name; }
Important Point
ORM does not eliminate the need to understand SQL, indexes, transactions, and query performance.